电网智能化是促进可再生能源发展、实现节能减排的重要手段。随着电力电子、IT、通信等技术的不断发展，智能电网将成为电力工业的重要发展方向。文章首先论证发展智能电网的必要性；介绍智能电网的性能要求，包括：自治和自愈能力、防御能力、电网兼容性、高效运营和管理、优质和友好性、电力交易的方便性。指出智能电网的实现需要加强基础技术和功能实现2方面的研发：基础技术主要包括电力设备、量测和通信设备、信息管理系统、决策与控制理论4个方面；功能实现则主要包括智能控制中心、智能变电站、智能线路、智能保护系统、智能需求侧管理5个方面。最后从电网性能、经济效益、社会效益3方面简要论述智能电网的绩效评价体系。上述问题的解决将有助于对智能电网的深入研究和应用。

Power grid intellectualization is an important method to promote the development of renewable energy source and implement energy conservation and emission reduction. Along with the increasing development of power electronics, IT and communication technologies, the construction of smart grid is becoming an important development direction of electric power industry. At first the necessity of developing smart grid is demonstrated; then the required performance of smart grid are introduced, including self-government and self-healing ability, defensive quality, compatibility of power grid, high efficient operation and management, outstanding quality and friendliness, convenience of power transaction. It is pointed out that to implement smart grid it is necessary to strengthen the research and development in two respects, i.e., the basic technologies and realization of functions. Basic technologies for smart grid mainly contain four issues, namely power equipments, measurement and communication devices, information management system, decision-making and control theory; the realization of functions mainly contain five issues, namely smart control centre, smart substations, smart transmission and distribution lines, smart relay protection system and smart demand side management. Finally, the performance appraisal system is briefly dissertated in power grid performance, economic effect and social effect. Solution of above-mentioned problems will contribute to the deep study and application of smart grid.

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