电力系统正面临着全世界社会和经济发展带来的众多挑战。很多国家和地区都把智能电网视为应对21世纪电力需求变化的新思路。由于不同的国家或地区有着不同的自然资源状况，处于不同的技术和社会发展阶段，因此实现智能电网的途径和方法也应该彼此不同。该文总结了中国、美国、欧盟和日本的智能电网研究和实施现状，并比较和分析了中、美、欧3者在电力需求、能源供应、电力输送的安全稳定以及电力市场等方面的异同，建议中国智能电网建设应结合自身特点走具有中国特色的坚强智能电网道路。

Electric power systems are facing many challenges due to the rapid social and economic developments all over the world. Many countries and regions are interested in the smart grid concept as a new idea to meet the requirements of power demands in the 21st century. As various countries have different natural resources, technologies and societal preferences, the approaches to the smart grid development will be different from one country to another. This paper presents a summary of the concept, research and implementation – including primary responsible organizations - of smart grids from four distinct parts of the world: the U.S., the E.U., Japan and China. Through the comparison and analyses among the U.S., the E.U. and China based on electricity demand, energy supply, security and reliability in power delivery, and the electricity market, a case study has been presented which may benefit China as the country is embarking upon a smart grid development program.

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