探讨了新形势下电网监控调度和优化运行的问题。根据智能电网安全、经济、清洁的特点，以有功网损、污染气体排放量和系统电压稳定程度3个指标对电网的安全性、经济性和环保性进行量化评估，并将双馈感应发电机的模型加入到潮流计算的模型中，考虑了大容量风电并网对系统的影响，将上述指标作为优化目标，用强度Pareto进化算法对优化模型进行求解，并对上述3个优化目标进行寻优，很好地解决了智能电网中多方面的监测和多目标优化运行问题，为智能电网的监控运行提供了思路。

Monitoring, dispatching and optimal operation of power grids under new circumstances are discussed. Moreover, the security, economy and cleanliness for smart grids are evaluated with quantitative indices such as active power loss, emission pollution and voltage stability. Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) model is integrated with the traditional optimal power flow (OPF) model in algorithm presented in this paper, and the impact of large-scale wind power integration on power systems is considered. Taking the above-mentioned indices as optimization objectives, the algorithm adopts strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA2) to get solution for the optimization model. It is shown that the algorithm enables multi-objective optimization and multiple aspects for monitoring in smart grids. Therefore, it provides new thoughts for monitoring in smart grids.

基金项目：国家863高技术基金项目(2007AA05Z458)；上海市自然科学基金项目(08ZR1409700)。

[1] Massoud A S，Wollenberg B F．Toward a smart grid: power delivery for the 21st century[J]．IEEE Trans on Power and Energy Magazine, 2005，3(5)：34-41． [2] Roncero J R．Integration is key to smart grid management [C]．IET-CIRED，CIRED Seminar，Frankfurt，2008． [3] Onate P E，Ramirez J M．Optimal power flow including transient stability constraints[C]．IEEE/PES，Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition，Chicago，2008． [4] Ai Q，Gu C．Economic operation of wind farm integrated system considering voltage stability[J]．Renewable Energy，2009，34(3)：608-614． [5] Abido M A．Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms for electric power dispatch problem[J]．IEEE Trans on Evolutionary Computation，2006，10(3)：315-329． [6] Gardel P，Baran B，Estigarribia H，et al．Multiobjective reactive power compensation with an ant colony optimization algorithm[C]．The 8th IEE International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2006)，London，2006． [7] Mendoza F，Bernal-Agustin J L，Dominguez-Navarro J A．NSGA and SPEA applied to multiobjective design of power distribution systems[J]．IEEE Trans on Power Systems，2006，21(4)：1938-1945． [8] Baran B，Vallejos J，Ramos R，et al．Multi-objective reactive power compensation[C]．IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition，Atlanta，2001． [9] 郑漳华，艾芊．微电网的研究现状及在我国的应用前景[J]．电网技术，2008，32(16)：27-31． Zheng Zhanghua，Ai Qian．Present situation of research on microgrid and its application prospects in China[J]．Power System Technology，2008，32(16)：27-31(in Chinese)． [10] Ha L T，Saha T K．Investigation of power loss and voltage stability limits for large wind farm connections to a subtransmission network[C]．IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting，Denver，2004． [11] Chiradeja P，Ramakumar R．An approach to quantify the technical benefits of distributed generation[J]．IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion，2004，19(4)：764-773． [12] Moghavvemi M，Faruque M O．Technique for assessment of voltage stability in ill-conditioned radial distribution network[J]．IEEE Power Engineering Review，2001，21(1)：58-60． [13] Musirin K．Estimating maximum loadability for weak bus identification using FVSI[J]．IEEE Power Engineering Review，2002，22(11)：50-52． [14] Saramourtsis A C，Bakirtzis A G，Dokopoulos P S，et al．Probabilistic evaluation of the performance of wind-diesel energy systems[J]．IEEE Trans on Energy conversion，1994，9(4)：743-752． [15] Lei Y，Mullane A，Lightbody G．Modeling of the wind turbine with a doubly fed induction generator for grid integration studies[J]．IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion，2006，21(1)：257-264． [16] Zitzler E，Laumanns M，Thiele L．Improving the strength pareto evolutionary algorithm for multi-objective optimization [C]．Proceedings of the Evolutionary Methods for Design, Optimization and Control with Application to Industrial Problems，Athens，Greece，2002． [17] 郑漳华，艾芊，冯士刚，等．负荷建模的多目标优化[J]．电力系统自动化，2009，33(2)：34-38． Zheng Zhanghua，Ai Qian，Feng Shigang，et al．Multi-objective optimization for load model[J]．Automation of Electric Power Systems，2009，33(2)：34-38(in Chinese)．